钢结构构件指主要由钢制材料组成的结构,是主要的建筑结构类型之一。结构主要由型钢和钢板等制成的钢梁、钢柱、钢桁架等构件组成,各构件或部件之间通常采用焊缝、螺栓或铆钉连接。因其自重较轻,且施工简便,广泛应用于大型厂房、场馆、超高层等领域。
钢结构构件在焊接过程中,有许多需要注意的事项,一旦疏忽,有可能铸成大错。
1、HANJIESHIGONGBUZHUYIXUANZEZUIJIADIANYA
【XIANXIANG】
HANJIESHIWULUNSHIDADI、TIANCHONG、GAIMIAN,BUGUANPOKOUCHICUNDAXIAO,JUNXUANZETONGYIDIANHUDIANYA。ZHEIYANGYOUKENENGDABUDAOYAOQIUDERONGSHEN、RONGKUAN,CHUXIANYAOBIAN、QIKONG、FEIJIANDENGQUEXIAN。
【CUOSHI】
YIBANZHENDUIBUTONGQINGKUANGYINGGAIFENBIEXUANZEXIANGYINGZHANGHUHUODUANHUNENGDEDAOJIAOHAODEHANJIEZHILIANGHEGONGZUOXIAOLV。LIRUDADIHANJIESHIWEILENENGDEDAOJIAOHAODERONGSHENYINGGAICAIYONGDUANHUCAOZUO,TIANCHONGHANHUOGAIMIANHANJIESHIWEILEDEDAOJIAOGAODEXIAOLVHERONGKUANKEYISHIDANGJIADADIANHUDIANYA。
2、HANJIEBUKONGZHIHANJIEDIANLIU
【XIANXIANG】
HANJIESHI,WEILEQIANGJINDU,DUIYUZHONGHOUBANDUIJIEHANFENGCAIQUBUKAIPOKOU。QIANGDUZHIBIAOXIAJIANG,SHENZHIDABUDAOBIAOZHUNYAOQIU,WANQUSHIYANSHICHUXIANLIEWEN,ZHEIYANGHUISHIHANFENGJIETOUXINGNENGBUNENGBAOZHENG,DUIJIEGOUANQUANGOUCHENGQIANZAIWEIHAI。
【CUOSHI】
HANJIESHIYAOANGONGYIPINGDINGZHONGDEHANJIEDIANLIUKONGZHI,YUNXUYOU10~15%FUDONG。POKOUDEDUNBIANCHICUNBUYICHAOGUO6mm。DUIJIESHI,BANHOUCHAOGUO6mmSHI,YAOKAIPOKOUJINXINGHANJIE。
3、BUZHUYIHANJIESUDUYUHANJIEDIANLIU,HANTIAOZHIJINGXIEDIAOSHIYONG
【XIANXIANG】
HANJIESHIBUZHUYIKONGZHIHANJIESUDUYUHANJIEDIANLIU,HANTIAOZHIJING、HANJIEWEIZHIXIEDIAOQILAISHIYONG。RUDUIQUANRONGTOUDEJIAOFENGJINXINGDADIHANSHI,YOUYUGENBUCHICUNZHAI,RUHANJIESUDUGUOKUAI,GENBUQITI、JIAZHAMEIYOUZUGOUDESHIJIANPAICHU,YISHIGENBUCHANSHENGWEIRONGTOU、JIAZHA、QIKONGDENGQUEXIAN;GAIMIANHANSHI,RUHANJIESUDUGUOKUAI,YEYICHANSHENGQIKONG;HANJIESUDUGUOMAN,ZEHANFENGYUGAOHUIGUOGAO,WAIXINGBUZHENGQI;HANJIEBOBANHUODUNBIANCHICUNXIAODEHANFENGSHI,HANJIESUDUTAIMAN,YICHUXIANSHAOCHUANDENGQINGKUANG。
【CUOSHI】
HANJIESUDUDUIHANJIEZHILIANGHEHANJIESHENGCHANXIAOLVYOUZHONGDAYINGXIANG,XUANYONGSHIPEIHEHANJIEDIANLIU、HANFENGWEIZHI(DADIHAN,TIANCHONGHAN,GAIMIANHAN)、HANFENGDEHOUBO、POKOUCHICUNXUANQUSHIDANGDEHANJIESUDU,ZAIBAOZHENGRONGTOU,QITI、HANZHAYIPAICHU,BUSHAOCHUAN,CHENGXINGLIANGHAODEQIANTIXIAXUANYONGJIAODADEHANJIESUDU,YITIGAOSHENGCHANLVXIAOLV。
4、SHIHANSHIBUZHUYIKONGZHIDIANHUZHANGDU
【XIANXIANG】
SHIHANSHIBUGENJUPOKOUXINGSHI、HANJIECENGSHU、HANJIEXINGSHI、HANTIAOXINGHAODENGSHIDANGDIAOZHENGDIANHUZHANGDU。YOUYUHANJIEDIANHUZHANGDUSHIYONGBUDANG,JIAONANDEDAOGAOZHILIANGDEHANFENG。
【CUOSHI】
WEILEBAOZHENGHANFENGZHILIANG,SHIHANSHIYIBANDUOCAIYONGDUANHUCAOZUO,DANKEYIGENJUBUTONGDEQINGKUANGXUANYONGHESHIDEHUZHANGYIHUODEZUIYOUDEHANJIEZHILIANG,RUVXINGPOKOUDUIJIE、JIAOJIEDECENGYINGSHIYONGDUANXIEDEDIANHU,YIBAOZHENGHANTOU,QIEBUFASHENGYAOBIANXIANXIANG,DIERCENGKEYISHAOZHANG,YITIANMANHANFENG。HANFENGJIANXIXIAOSHIYIYONGDUANHU,JIANXIDASHIDIANHUKESHAOZHANG,HANJIESUDUJIAKUAI。YANGHANDIANHUYINGZUIDUAN,YIFANGZHITIESHUIXIALIU;LIHAN、HENGHANSHIWEILEKONGZHIRONGCHIWENDU,YEYAOYONGXIAODIANLIU、DUANHUHANJIE。LINGWAI,WULUNCAIQUSHENMEHANJIE,ZAIYUNDONGGUOCHENGZHONGYAOZHUYISHIZHONGBAOCHIHUZHANGJIBENBUBIAN,YICIQUEBAOZHENGTIAOHANFENGDERONGKUANHERONGSHENYIZHI。
5、HANJIEBUZHUYIKONGZHIHANJIEBIANXING
【XIANXIANG】
HANJIESHIBUZHUYICONGHANJIESHUNXU、RENYUANBUZHI、POKOUXINGSHI、HANJIEGUIFANXUANYONGJICAOZUOFANGFADENGFANGMIANKONGZHIBIANXING,CONGERDAOZHIHANJIEHOUBIANXINGDA、JIAOZHENGKUNNAN、ZENGJIAFEIYONG,YOUQISHIHOUBANJIDAXINGGONGJIAN,JIAOZHENGNANDUDA,YONGJIXIEJIAOZHENGYIYINQILIEWENHUOCENGZHUANGSILIE。YONGHUOYANJIAOZHENGCHENGBENGAOQIECAOZUOBUHAOYIZAOCHENGGONGJIANGUORE。DUIJINGDUYAOQIUGAODEGONGJIAN,BUCAIQUYOUXIAOKONGZHIBIANXINGCUOSHI,HUIDAOZHIGONGJIANANZHUANGCHICUNDABUDAOSHIYONGYAOQIU,SHENZHIZAOCHENGFANGONGHUOBAOFEI。
【CUOSHI】
CAIYONGHELIDEHANJIESHUNXUBINGXUANYONGHESHIDEHANJIEGUIFANHECAOZUOFANGFA,HAIYAOCAIYONGFANBIANXINGHEGANGXINGGUDINGCUOSHI。
6、DUOCENGHANBULIANXUSHIHAN,BUZHUYIKONGZHICENGJIANWENDU
【XIANXIANG】
HOUBANDUOCENGHANJIESHI,BUZHUYICENGJIANWENDUKONGZHI,RUCENGJIANJIANGESHIJIANGUOZHANG,BUZHONGXINYUREJIUSHIHANRONGYIZAICENGJIANCHANSHENGLENGLIEWEN;RUGUOJIANGESHIJIANGUODUAN,CENGJIANWENDUGUOGAO(CHAOGUO900℃),DUIHANFENGJIREYINGXIANGQUDEXINGNENGYEHUICHANSHENGYINGXIANG,HUIZAOCHENGJINGLICUDA,ZHISHIRENXINGJISUXINGXIAJIANG,HUIDUIJIETOULIUXIAQIANZAIYINHUAN。
【CUOSHI】
HOUBANDUOCENGHANJIESHI,YINGJIAQIANGDUICENGJIANWENDUDEKONGZHI,ZAILIANXUSHIHANGUOCHENGZHONGYINGJIANYANHANJIEDEMUCAIWENDU,SHICENGJIANWENDUJINLIANGNENGYUYUREWENDUBAOCHIYIZHI,DUICENGJIANDEZUIGAOWENDUYEYAOJIAYIKONGZHI。HANJIESHIJIANBUYINGGUOZHANG,RUYUYOUHANJIEZHONGDUANDEQINGKUANGSHIYINGCAIQUSHIDANGDEHOURE、BAOWENCUOSHI,ZAICISHIHANSHI,ZHONGXINYUREWENDUYINGSHIDANGGAOYUCHUSHIYUREWENDU。
7、DUOCENGHANFENGBUQINGCHUHANZHAJIHANFENGBIAOMIANYOUQUEXIANJIUJINXINGXIACENGHANJIE
【XIANXIANG】
HOUBANDUOCENGHANJIESHI,MEICENGHANJIEWANCHENGHOUBUQINGCHUHANZHAJIQUEXIANJIUZHIJIEJINXINGXIACENGHANJIE,YIZAOCHENGHANFENGCHANSHENGJIAZHA、QIKONG、LIEWENDENGQUEXIAN,JIANGDILIANJIEQIANGDU,TONGSHIHUIYINQIXIACENGHANJIESHIDEFEIJIAN。
【CUOSHI】
HOUBANDUOCENGHANJIESHI,MEICENGYINGLIANXUSHIHAN。MEIYICENGHANFENGHANWANYIHOUYINGJISHIQINGCHUHANZHA、HANFENGBIAOMIANQUEXIANJIFEIJIANWU,FAXIANYOUYINGXIANGHANJIEZHILIANGDEJIAZHA、QIKONG、LIEWENDENGQUEXIANYINGCHEDIQINGCHUHOUZAISHIHAN。
8、YAOQIURONGTOUDEJIETOUDUIJIEHUOJIAODUIJIEZUHEHANFENGHANJIAOCHICUNBUGOU
【XIANXIANG】
TXINGJIETOU、SHIZIJIETOU、JIAOJIEJIETOUDENGYAOQIURONGTOUDEDUIJIEHUOJIAODUIJIEZUHEHANFENG,QIHANJIAOCHICUNBUGOU,HUOSHEJIYOUPILAOYANSUANYAOQIUDEDIAOCHELIANGHUOLEISIGOUJIANDEFUBANYUSHANGYIBANYUANLIANJIEHANFENGDEHANJIAOCHICUNBUGOU,HUISHIHANJIEDEQIANGDUHEGANGDUJUNDABUDAOSHEJIDEYAOQIU。
【CUOSHI】
TXINGJIETOU、SHIZIJIETOU、JIAOJIEJIETOUDENGYAOQIURONGTOUDEDUIJIEZUHEHANFENG,YINGANZHAOSHEJIYAOQIU,BIXUYOUZUGOUDEHANJIAOYAOQIU,YIBANHANJIAOCHICUNBUYINGXIAOYU0.25t(tWEILIANJIECHUJIAOBODEBANHOU)。SHEJIYOUPILAOYANSUANYAOQIUDEDIAOCHELIANGHUOLEISIDEFUBANYUSHANGYIYUANLIANJIEHANFENGDEHANJIAOCHICUN0.5t,QIEBUYINGDAYU10mm。HANJIECHICUNDERONGXUPIANCHAWEI0~4mm。
9、HANJIEZAIJIETOUJIANXIZHONGSAIHANTIAOTOUHUOTIEKUAI
【XIANXIANG】
YOUYUHANJIESHINANYIJIANGHANTIAOTOUHUOTIEKUAIYUBEIHANJIANRONGWEIYITI,HUIZAOCHENGWEIRONGHE,WEIRONGTOUDENGHANJIEQUEXIAN,JIANGDILIANJIEQIANGDU。RUYONGSHENGXIUDEHANTIAOTOU、TIEKUAITIANCHONG,NANYIBAOZHENGYUMUCAIDECAIZHIYIZHI;RUYONGYOUYOUWU、ZAZHIDENGDEHANTIAOTOU、TIEKUAITIANCHONG,HUISHIHANFENGCHANSHENGQIKONG、JIAZHA、LIEWENDENGQUEXIAN。ZHEIXIEQINGKUANGJUNHUISHIJIETOUDEHANFENGZHILIANGDADAJIANGDI,DABUDAOSHEJIHEGUIFANDUIHANFENGDEZHILIANGYAOQIU。
【CUOSHI】
(1)DANGGONGJIANZUZHUANGJIANXIHENDA,DANMEIYOUCHAOGUOGUIDINGYUNXUSHIYONGDEFANWEI,ZUZHUANGJIANXICHAOGUOBOBANBANHOU2BEIHUODAYU20mmSHI,YINGYONGDUIHANFANGFATIANPINGAOXIANBUWEIHUOJIANXIAOZUZHUANGJIANXI。YANJINZAIJIETOUJIANXIZHONGCAIYONGTIANSAIHANTIAOTOUHUOTIEKUAIBUHANDEFANGFA。
(2)LINGJIANJIAGONGHUAXIANSHI,YINGZHUYILIUZUQIEGEYULIANGJIQIEGEHOUDEHANJIESHOUSUOYULIANG,KONGZHIHAOLINGJIANCHICUN,BUYAOYIZENGJIAJIANXILAIBAOZHENGWAIXINGCHICUN。
10、CAIYONGBUTONGHOUDUJIKUANDUDEBANCAIDUIJIESHI,BUPINGHUANGUODU
【XIANXIANG】
CAIYONGBUTONGHOUDUJIKUANDUDEBANCAIDUIJIESHI,BUZHUYIBANDEHOUDUCHASHIFOUZAIBIAOZHUNYUNXUFANWEINEI。RUBUZAIYUNXUFANWEINEIQIEBUZUOPINGHUANGUODUCHULI,HANFENGZAIGAOCHUBOBANHOUDUCHUYIYINQIYINGLIJIZHONGHECHANSHENGWEIRONGHEDENGHANJIEQUEXIAN,YINGXIANGHANJIEZHILIANG。
【CUOSHI】
DANGCHAOGUOYOUGUANGUIDINGSHIYINGJIANGHANFENGHANCHENGXIEPOZHUANG,QIPODUZUIDAYUNXUZHIYINGWEI1:2.5;HUOHOUDUDEYIMIANHUOLIANGMIANZAIHANJIEQIANJIAGONGCHENGXIEPO,QIEPODUZUIDAYUNXUZHIWEI1:2.5,DANGZHIJIECHENGSHOUDONGZAIHEQIEXUYAOJINXINGPILAOYANSUANDEJIEGOUXIEPOPODUBUYINGDAYU1:4。BUTONGKUANDUDEBANCAIDUIJIESHI,YINGGENJUGONGCHANGJIGONGDITIAOJIANCAIYONGREQIEGE,JIXIEJIAGONGHUOSHALUNDAMODEFANGFASHIQIPINGHUANGUODU,QIEQILIANJIECHUZUIDAYUNXUPODUZHIWEI1:2.5。
11、DUIYOUJIAOCHAHANFENGDEGOUJIANBUZHUYIHANJIESHUNXU
【XIANXIANG】
DUIYOUJIAOCHAHANFENGDEGOUJIAN,BUZHUYITONGGUOFENXIHANJIEYINGLISHIFANGHEHANJIEYINGLIDUIGOUJIANBIANXINGDEYINGXIANGERHELIANPAIHANJIESHUNXU,ERSHIZONGHENGSUIYISHIHAN,JIEGUOHUIZAOCHENGZONGHENGFENGHUXIANGYUESHU,CHANSHENGJIAODADEWENDUSHOUSUOYINGLI,SHIBANBIANXING,BANMIANAOTUBUPING,BINGYOUKENENGSHIHANFENGCHUXIANLIEWEN。
【CUOSHI】
DUIYOUJIAOCHAHANFENGDEGOUJIAN,YINGZHIDINGHELIDEHANJIESHUNXU。DANGYOUJIZHONGZONGHENGJIAOCHAHANFENGSHIHANSHI,YINGXIANHANSHOUSUOBIANXINGJIAODADEHENGFENG,ERHOUHANZONGXIANGHANFENG,ZHEIYANGHANJIEHENGXIANGHANFENGSHIBUHUISHOUDAOZONGXIANGHANFENGDEYUESHU,SHIHENGFENGDESHOUSUOYINGLIZAIWUYUESHUDEQINGKUANGXIADEDAOSHIFANG,KEJIANSHAOHANJIEBIANXING,BAOZHENGHANFENGZHILIANG,HUOXIANHANJIEDUIJIEHANFENGHOUHANJIAOHANFENG。
12、XINGGANGGANJIANDAJIEJIETOUCAIYONGWEIHANSHI,ZAIZHUANJIAOCHULIANXUSHIHAN
【XIANXIANG】
XINGGANGGANJIANYULIANXUBANDAJIEJIETOUCAIYONGWEIHANSHI,CAIYONGXIANHANGANJIANLIANGCEHANFENG,HOUHANDUANTOUHANFENG,BULIANXUSHIHAN。ZHEIYANGSUIDUIJIANXIAOHANJIEBIANXINGYOULI,DANZAIGANJIANZHUANJIAOCHUYICHANSHENGYINGLIJIZHONGHEHANJIEQUEXIAN,YINGXIANGHANJIEJIETOUZHILIANG。
【CUOSHI】
XINGGANGGANJIANDAJIEJIETOUCAIYONGWEIHANSHI,YINGZAIZHUANJIAOCHUYICILIANXUSHIHANWANCHENG,BUYAOHANDAOZHUANJIAOCHUYOUPAODAOLINGYICEQUHANJIE。
13、YAOQIUDENGQIANGDUIJIE,DIAOCHELIANGYIBANYUFUBANLIANGDUANBUSHEYINHUBANHEYINCHUBAN
【XIANXIANG】
ZAIHANJIEDUIJIEHANFENG,QUANRONGTOUJIAOHANFENG,DIAOCHELIANGYIYUANBANYUFUBANDEHANFENGSHI,ZAIYINHUHEYINCHUCHUBUJIASHEYINHUBANHEYINCHUBAN,ZHEIYANGZAIHANJIEQIZHIDUANSHI,YOUYUDIANLIUDIANYABUGOUWENDING,QIZHIDIANDEWENDUYEBUGOUWENDING,RONGYIDAOZHICHUXIANQIZHIDUANHANFENGYOUWEIRONGHE,WEIRONGTOU、LIEWEN、JIAZHA、QIKONGDENGQUEXIAN,JIANGDIHANFENGQIANGDU,DABUDAOSHEJIYAOQIU。
【CUOSHI】
ZAIHANJIEDUIJIEHANFENG,QUANRONGTOUJIAOHANFENGYIJIDIAOCHELIANGYIBANYUFUBANDEHANFENGSHI,YINGZAIHANFENGLIANGDUANSHEYINHUBANHEYINCHUBAN,QIZUOYONGSHIJIANGLIANGDUANYICHANSHENGQUEXIANDEBUFENYINDAOGONGJIANWAIHOU,ZAIJIANGQUEXIANBUFENGEDIAOLAIBAOZHENGHANFENGDEZHILIANG。